If you are a human and you are reading this, you probably have a well functioning brain. Brains are so important in our lives, yet often times they are thought about so little. Have you ever noticed that your brain often contradicts itself? Sometimes when I mess up, my brain tells my mouth to say," My brain is so stupid today. It seriously has some problems," and there I go again, my brain is calling itself unintelligent.
It's so fascinating how just a three pound mass can control almost the entire body. It's so hard to imagine that the brain doesn't even notice it's magnificence. In fact, we often don't notice that the brain is doing all the work to keep our bodies alive, 'we' as in the brain. Rarely have I ever thought about the brain regulating digestion, letting me breathe, my personality, the words I say, and the actions I do. But these are all the things our brain does spontaneously. So for once, let's just say we're all professionals at multitasking. Now you can brag to your friends that you're such a good multitasker because you're doing it every second you are alive. The brain is always regulating different parts of your body at the same time. It's controlling the peristalsis in your esophagus and intestines, it's pumping that rich, oxygen filled blood throughout your body, inflating or deflating your lungs with oxygen or carbon dioxide, and more all, at the same time.
Isn't it hard to believe that the brain is utterly alien to us, but it in fact controls our personality, our fears, the ability to sense what's in our surroundings, and everything we will do every day for the rest of our lives? As much as we want to separate the mind from the body, they are actually two things that cannot exist without each other. It's quite frightening how almost any function in our body or the way we think can be altered by just a tumor, trauma, disease, drugs, and stroke. The most famous patient of neuroscience gives us a clear example of this. This is the story of Phineas Gage.
In 1848, Gage, 25, was the foreman of a crew cutting a railroad bed in Cavendish, Vermont. On September 13, as he was using a tamping iron to pack explosive powder into a hole, the powder detonated. The tamping iron—43 inches long, 1.25 inches in diameter and weighing 13.25 pounds—shot skyward, penetrated Gage’s left cheek, ripped into his brain and exited through his skull, landing several dozen feet away. Though blinded in his left eye, he might not even have lost consciousness, and he remained savvy enough to tell a doctor that day, “Here is business enough for you.”
Gage, a man who was quite respectful and had an effective work ethic, turned into a man who uttered "the grossest profanity", a person who could not put his plans into action, and somewhat of a rude and arrogant jerk. Even the company he worked in who once considered him a model foreman didn't take him back after he recovered.
Phineas Gage's case is so important because it is the first case to ever involve personality change from trauma.The rod went through and destroyed his whole frontal lobe, allowing neuroscientists to discover its functions, which are to regulate personality, decision making, problem solving, control of purposeful behaviors, consciousness, and emotions. It let scientists realize the effects of trauma on a brain and how it affected the different parts.
Phineas Gage's story is just one of the intriguing tales in neuroscience. It was the story that actually pulled me into the field of neuroscience and learning about behavior or how the brain works. The brain is such an amazing object, with humans knowing more about the universe than the human brain, and that's part of the reason why the brain is so incredible and intricate. You have a brain, so love it and appreciate that you're here because of it.
One of the biggest mysteries in the universe lies in the head.